Anaphylaxis, asthma, allergic rhinitis (hay fever), hives (urticaria). Type II: Cytotoxic (Antibody-Mediated) Hypersensitivity Mechanism: IgGcap I g cap G IgMcap I g cap M
Keratinized epithelium forms a physical shield; fatty acids in sebum create an acidic environment inhibiting bacterial growth.
Silent hemorrhagic strokes are less common, but they do occur. They are often caused by , which are tiny, focal areas of bleeding from small blood vessels. Like silent ischemic strokes, these small bleeds don't cause any immediate, recognizable symptoms. They are most frequently found in older adults and are strongly associated with high blood pressure and a specific type of vascular dementia called cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) , where proteins build up in the brain's blood vessel walls, making them prone to bleeding. immunology notes dr najeeb lectures pdf new
Based on recent summaries, the Dr. Najeeb immunology series focuses on: The Complement System : Pathways and components of the immune response. Antigen Presentation : Detailed mechanisms of MHC molecules and APC functions. Hypersensitivity
: Analysis of physiological mechanisms in different reaction types. Blood Group Systems They are often caused by , which are
: Mechanisms behind allergic reactions and the breakdown of self-tolerance. Clinical Applications
The human immune system is a sophisticated defense network divided into two primary arms: the and the Adaptive Immune System . Together, they protect the host from pathogens, eliminate foreign substances, and maintain tissue homeostasis. The Two Arms of Immunity Based on recent summaries, the Dr
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The CD28 protein on the T cell binds to B7-1 (CD80) or B7-2 (CD86) on the APC surface. Without this second signal, the T cell becomes non-responsive ( anergic ). B Cell Development and Humoral Immunity