Challenges Of Nation Building Class 12 Notes Hot Best -

The people revolted against the Nawab. A plebiscite (public vote) was held in February 1948, where the citizens overwhelmingly voted to join India. 3. Manipur

A: This is a 6-mark question. While the Naga People's Convention signed a 16-point agreement (1960) creating Nagaland state (1963), separatist groups (NSCN-IM) continued demanding sovereignty.

Punjab was split to create Haryana and Himachal Pradesh for Punjabi and Hindi speakers respectively. challenges of nation building class 12 notes hot

The independence of India was accompanied by the tragedy of Partition, which divided British India into two separate dominions: India and Pakistan. This division was based on the advanced by the Muslim League, led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, which asserted that India consisted of two distinct nations—Hindus and Muslims. The Process of Partition

Immediately after independence, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru delivered his famous speech. However, the leadership had to immediately address three monumental challenges to ensure the survival of the new nation. 1. Shaping a Unified Nation The people revolted against the Nawab

The Indian army entered Hyderabad in September 1948 to force a surrender. 2. Manipur

Millions were forced to leave their homes, creating a massive refugee crisis. Manipur A: This is a 6-mark question

Bombay province was split into Gujarat (Gujarati speakers) and Maharashtra (Marathi speakers).

During the freedom struggle, the Indian National Congress (INC) had promised that once the country gained independence, states would be formed on a linguistic basis (Nagpur Session, 1920).However, after Partition, Nehru and Patel feared that creating linguistic states would encourage regionalism, threaten national unity, and distract the country from economic challenges. The government decided to postpone internal restructuring. The Potti Sriramulu Crisis

The Maharaja appealed to India for help. India agreed on the condition that he sign the Instrument of Accession. He signed, the Indian military repelled the invaders, and the state became a part of India with special provisions (initially under Article 370). Linguistic Reorganization of States